|
Answer» Despite of newer techniques of Planning and Control , some of the traditional techniques are still very popular because of their special significance and continuing utility . - Budgetary Control : Budget as a plan that represents a statement of anticipated inflows and expected outflows , expressed numerically, exercising control over day-to-day operations of the enterprise for the purpose of executing budgets is known Budgetary Control .
- Standard Costing : Expenses / Costs associated with every activity are recorded and classified and then compared with the standard or budgeted costs . The concerned Manager takes corrective action if any deviation is found . This technique helps in finding out which activity is profitable and which is not .
- Financial Ratio Analysis : All business organization prepare Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet . When a comparative study of these financial statements are made, trends of changes in Profits , Assets , Liabilities , Turnover etc. can be assessed.
- Internal Audit : It is another effective and widely used tool of managerial control . Internal Auditing signifies regular and independent appraisal of the accounting and financial and other operations of a business by a staff of internal Auditors .
- Break Even Analysis : Break Even Analysis is a point of “No Profit – No Loss” . For instance when a firm is able to sell 24,000 bags , it would Break-Even. It indicates that a sale below this level will cause a Loss and any sale above this level will earn Profits .
- Statistical Control : In order to find out the causes for the deviations , comparison of various Ratios, Averages, Percentages of Statistical Data are undertaken . Statistical Reports compiled after the analysis are presented in the form of charts or graphs which helps in visualizing the trends and weaknesses in the respective areas of operation, and necessary remedial steps are suggested . Charts and Diagrams are used by the Production , Sales , Purchase, and Personnel and even more frequently by the Executive Heads of Companies .
|