1.

Distinguish between:(i) dNTP & ddNTP(ii) pBR322 & pUC19(iii) M-13 & lambda phage(iv) Cosmid & plasmid(v) Transformation and transfection

Answer»

(i) dNTP & ddNTP

dNTP used in DNA replication

ddNTP used in chain termination

Structural differences can also be shown

(ii) pBR322 & pUC19

pBR322 - contains two antibiotic resistant genes

pUC19 - contains MCS

(iii) M-13 & lambda phage

M-13 : Circular and single stranded Lambda 

phage : Linear double stranded 

(iv) Cosmid & plasmid

Cosmid : having features of plasmid and cos sites of phage lambda 

Plasmid : small, circular, extra-chromosomal self replicating naturally present in bacteria

(v) Transformation and transfection 

Transformation: Cold CaCl2 treated competent bacterial cells to introduce rDNA 

Transfection: Transfer rDNA into host cells by mixing foreign DNA with charged substances like calcium liposomes/calcium phosphate/DEAE dextran 



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