| Old or classical biotechnology | Modem biotechnology |
| 1. It is mainly based on fermentation technology. | 1. It is based on genetic engineering and chemical engineering. |
| 2. It does not involve alteration or modification of genetic material of organisms to develop specific Product. | 2. It involves the alteration or modification of genetic material of organisms to develop specific product. |
| 3. It does not involve the use of r-DNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing to develop products. | 3. It involves the use of r-DNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing to develop specific products. |
| 4. There is no ownership of old biotechnology. | 4. It involves ownership of technology. |
| 5. Examples : Preparation of curd, ghee, soma, vinegar, yogurt, cheese making, wine making, etc. | 5. Examples : Transgenic organisms. |
