(a) Summer Solstice : 

1. The Earth is in this position on its orbit on 21st June. 

2. The Sun is overhead on Tropic of Cancer (23 1/2° N). 

3. Days are longer than nights in the Northern Hemisphere. 

4. There is summer season in the Northern and winter season in the Southern Hemisphere.

Winter Solstice : 

1. The Earth is in this position on its orbit on 22nd December. 

2. The Sun is overhead on Tropic of Capricorn (23 1/2° S). 

3. Days are shorter than night in the Northern Hemisphere. 

4. There is winter season in the Northern and summer season in the Southern Hemisphere.

(b) Solstices : 

1. The positions of the Earth on 21st June and 22nd December are known as Solstices. 

2. The Sun is overhead at tropics. 

3. Days and nights are unequal. 

4. The term Solstice mean “Sun standing ‘still’. 

5. There is summer or winter season in Northern Hemisphere. 

Equinoxes : 

1. The positions of the Earth on 23rd September and 21st March are known as Equinoxes. 

2. The Sun is overhead at Equator. 

3. Days and nights are equal. 

4. The term Equinox means ‘Equal nights’. 

5. There is autumn or spring season in Northern Hemisphere