Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : 30 seconds
The mental process you used to answer all of these questions is known as memory. It refers to the ability to retain information and reproducing it over a period of time when required to perform a cognitive task. Memory is a process comprised of three stages. All information received by our senses goes through these stages:- - Encoding: It is the process of converting sensory information into a form that can be processed further by the memory systems.
- Storage: In this second stage, received information from memory systems is stored so that it can be used at a later time also.
- Retrieval: It refers to locating and bringing the stored material information to one’s awareness when required to complete a task.
American psychologists Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968) proposed the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory which is very similar to the way computer handles the input and storage of data. This model involves various steps to store information. | The sensory register or memory: | - This receives information from the various sensory receptors from the environment.
- Here, the information is held for a very brief period of time, perhaps a few seconds.
- The information passes from the sensory register to the short-term memory, only if attention is paid to it.
| | Short-term store or memory: | - This is also known as working memory or primary memory.
- Here, the information is kept up to 30 seconds.
- It has a very limited capacity to store information.
- Several pieces of information can be combined into chunks and stored in a short-term store and later retrieved.
- It stores the sound of the speech, visual images, words, meaningful sentences. Since the storage is very small, most of the new incoming information displaces the previously stored information.
- Information that is rehearsed well then moves to the long-term memory and the information that is not rehearsed is lost.
| | Long-term store or memory: | - The information is organized in different ways in long-term store for days, months, years, and maybe forever.
- Long-term memory has unlimited capacity to store information.
- Information is generally not forgotten from the long-term stores, and if any forgetting occurs, it is because the information has not been retrieved or organized properly.
- The information that is stored in the long-term store consists of meaningful words, sentences, ideas, and various experiences of our life.
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Hence, the duration of short-term memory is 30 seconds.
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