Movement of food (bolus) from mouth to stomach through oesophagus is influenced by the coordination between muscular system and nervous system. 

Muscular movement in mouth: 

1. The circular muscles of the mouth enable the food to be pushed into the oral cavity and to be moved around. 

2. The surface muscles of the jaw help in biting and chewing actions while the deep muscles move the jaw up and down, forward and backward during mastication. 

Muscular movement in oesophagus: 

1. The wall of the oesophagus is made up of two kinds of smooth muscles. 

2. The inner layer consists of circular muscles and the outer layer is of longitudinal muscles. 

3. Contraction of circular muscles lead to narrowing of the oesophagus behind the bolus. So the food is squeezed downwards. 

4. Contraction of the longitudinal muscles in front of the bolus widens the tube, results in shortening of particular part of oesophagus. 

5. In this way food moves easily and enters the stomach. , 

6. Contraction and relaxation of oesophagus muscles bring peristaltic movements.