ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD

Developed countries like USA and Canada constitute only 5% of the world’s population but consume 25% of the world’s available energy.

Energy consumed by a person in a developed country for a single day is equal to energy consumed by a single person in a poor country for one year.

TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES:

1. Renewable energy resource (or)Non conventional energy resources

2. Non renewable energy resources (or) Conventional energy resources.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: Energy which can be regenerated.

Types of renewable energy resources:

1. Solar energy:

Nuclear fusion reaction of sun produces enormous amount of energy. Several techniques are available for collecting, storing and using solar energy.

a. Solar cell (or) Photovoltaic cell (or) PV cell: Solar cell consists of p- type semi conductor (Si doped with B) and n-type semi conductor (Si doped with P). P-type forms top layer and n-type forms bottom layer. Uses: It is used in calculators, electronic watches, street light, water pumps etc.

b. Solar battery: Large number of solar cells connected in series is called solar battery. It is used in remote areas where continuous power supply is a problem. c.

c. Solar water heater: It consists of insulated box painted with black paint with glass lid. Inside the box black painted copper coil is present. Cold water is allowed to flow, it is heated up and flows out into a storage tank from which water is supplied through pipes.

2. Wind energy:

Moving air is called wind. The energy recovered from the force of the wind is called wind energy .It’s speed is high.

a. Wind mills: When a blowing wind strikes the blade of the wind mill, it rotates continuously. And rotational motion of the blade drives number of machines like water pump, flour mills and electric generators.

b. Wind farms: When a large number of mills are installed and joined together in a definite pattern – it forms wind farm. It produces large amount of electricity. Advantages: 1. It does not cause air pollution 2. Very cheap

3. Ocean energy:

Tidal energy (or) Tidal power: Ocean tides are due to gravitational force of sun and moon which produce enormous amount of energy. High tides – rise of water in the ocean. Low tides – fall of water in the ocean. Tidal energy can be used by constructing a tidal barrage. During high tides sea water enters into the reservoirs and rotates the turbine, produce electricity. During low tides water from reservoir enters into the sea rotate the turbine produce electricity.

4. Geo thermal energy: Temperature of the earth increases at a of 20 –750C per/km when we move down the earth. The energy utilised from the high temperature present inside the earth is called geo thermal energy.

5. Bio mass energy: Bio mass: Organic matter produced by plants or animals used as source of energy Bio gas: Mixture of methane, carbondioxide and hydrogen sulphide. Methane is the major constituent.

NON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES:

Energy which cannot be regenerated is called as non-renewable.

1. Coal: It is a solid fossil fuel. Disadvantages: When coal is burnt large amount of CO2 is released which causes global warming. S, N produces toxic gases during burning.

2. Petroleum: Crude oil is a liquid consists of more than hundreds of hydrocarbons and small amount of impurities. The petroleum can be refined by fractional distillation. In the world level 25% of oil reserves are in Saudi Arabia. At present rate of usage, the world crude oil reserves are expected to get exhausted in just 40 years.

3. Natural gas: These are found above oil in oil wells. It is a mixture of methane and other hydrocarbons. Calorific value is high. There are two types. Dry gas and wet gas.

4. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): Petroleum gases obtained during FD and cracking can be easily converted into liquid under high pressure as LPG. It is colorless and odorless gas.

5. Nuclear energy: Dr.H.Bhabha is a father of nuclear power development in India. 10 nuclear reactors are present in India. It produces 2% of India’s electricity. Nuclear energy can be produced by two types of reactions. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.