IPM: IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.

Major components of IPM:

• Chemical practices: Use of chemical pesticides to keep the pest population below economic loss. 
• Cultural practices: Cultural methods of pest control consist of regular farm operations in such a way which either destroy the pests or prevent them from causing economic loss. 
• Mechanical practices: Removal and destruction of pest or its eggs, larvae, pupae through mechanical means. 
• Regulatory practices: In this process, regulatory rules framed by Govt. are brought into force under which seeds and infested plant materials are not allowed to enter the country or from one part to other parts of the country. These are known as quarantine methods and are of two types i.e. domestic and foreign quarantine. 
• Biological practices: Biological control of insect pests and diseases through biological means is most important component of IPM. In broader sense, biocontrol is use of living organisms to control unwanted living organisms (pests). In other words, deliberate use of parasitoids, predators and pathogens to maintain pest population at level blow those causing economic loss either by introducing a new bio-agent into the environment of pest or by increasing effectiveness of those already preset in the field. 
• Bio-pesticides: These are micro-organisms which infest and cause diseases in their hosts as a result of which hosts are killed. Major groups of pathogens are fungi, viruses and bacteria. Some nematodes also cause diseases in some insect pests.