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Explain , among benzene, m-dinitrobenzene and toluene whose nitration is easier ? |
Answer» Solution :Among benzene , m - dinitrobenzene and toluene, NITRATION of toluene is easier.  In toluene, `-CH_(3)` GROUP is activator so nitration of toluene become easier. (i) In toluene : `-CH_(3)` group of toluene donates its electron towards benzene ring according to its +I EFFECT. So the electron density found to be more in bensene ring of toluene ascompared to both benzene and m-dinitrobenzene.  (II) Resonance effect :  `-CH_(3)` group donates electron pair towards benzene ring so electro negativity in benzene ring of toluene increases with respect to electron. While in m-dinitrobenzene `-NO_(2)` group attract electron pair towards itself and increases electron density on itself. In benzene, there is no functional group. So due to resonance and inductive effect benzene ring to toluene is more active towards ELECTROPHILIC reactants, and hence in toluene electrophilic reaction of toluene is easier. |
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