1.

Explain how does: (a) a primary succession start on a bare rock and reach a climax community? (b) the algal bloom eventually choke the water body in an industrial area?

Answer»

(a) Primary succession on rocks

  • Lichens are the pioneer species on a bare area.
  • The lichen secretes some acids to dissolve rock and help in weathering and soil formation. 
  • Later, some small bryophytes invade and hold the small amount of soil.
  • The bryophytes are succeeded by herbs, shrubs and ultimately big trees.
  • At last, a stable climax forest is formed.
  • The xerophytic habitat gets converted into a mesophytic one. 

(b) Algal bloom 

  • Domestic sewage contains nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus which favour the excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae called an algal bloom.
  • Algal bloom causes fish mortality and deterioration of water quality.
  • Excessive growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), the world’s most problematic aquatic weed, also called “Terror of Bengal”, grows abundantly in eutrophic water bodies and imbalances water ecosystem.


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