Explain inductive effect with suitable example.

1.	Explain inductive effect with suitable example.
Answer» Solution :(i) It is defined as the change in the polarization of a covalent bond due to thepresence ofadjacent BONDED atoms or groups in the molecule.It is denoted as I - effect. (II) Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atom are said to have a `+I` effect. Example, `CH_(3)-`, `(CH_(3))_(2)` `CH-`, `(CH_(3))_(2)C-` etc. (iii) Atoms or groups which draw electrons away from a carbon atom are said to have a `-I` effect. Example, `-NO_(2)`, `-I`, `-Br`,`-OH`, `C_(6)H_(5)` etc. (iv) For example, consider ethane and ethyl chloride. The `C-C` bond in ethane is non-polar while the `C-C` bond in ethyl chloride is polar.We know that chlorine is more electronegative than carbon and hence it ATTRACTS the shared pair of electrons between `C-CI` in ethyl chloride towards itself. ` (##FM_CHE_XI_V02_C12_E02_004_S01.png" WIDTH="80%"> This develops a slight negative charge on chlorineand a slight positive charge on carbon towhich chlorine is attached.To compensate it, the `C_(1)`draws the shared pair of electron between itself and `C_(2)`. This polarization effect is called INDUCTIVE effect.

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