Saved Bookmarks
| 1. |
Explain preparation of sodium carbonate by Solvay process with chemical reactions. |
|
Answer» Solution : Sodium carbonate `(Na_(2)CO_(3)*10H_(2)O)` : Sodium carbonate is generally prepared by Solvay process. In this process, advantage is taken of the low solubility of sodium hydrogen carbonate whereby it gets PRECIPITATED in the reaction of sodium chloride with ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The latter is prepared by passing `CO_(2)`to a concentrated solution of sodium chloride saturated with ammonia, where ammonium carbonate followed by ammonium hydrogen carbonate are formed. The EQUATIONS for the complete process may be written as: `2NH_(3)+H_(2)O+CO_(2) to (NH_(4))_(2)CO_(3)` `(NH_(4))_(2)CO_(3)+H_(2)O+CO_(2) to 2NH_(4)HCO_(3)` `NH_(4)HCO_(3)+NACL to NH_(4)Cl+NaHCO_(3)` Sodium hydrogen carbonate crystal separates. These are heated to give sodium carbonate. `2NaHCO_(3) to Na_(2)CO_(3)+CO_(2)+H_(2)O` In this process NH, is recovered when the solution containing `NH_(4)Cl` is treated with `Ca(OH)_(2)`. CALCIUM chloride is obtained as a by-product. `2NH_(4)Cl+Ca(OH)_(2) to 2NH_(3)+CaCl_(2)+H_(2)O` |
|