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Explain sp^(3) d hybridisation with a suitable example. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In the `PCl_(5)` molecule, the CENTRAL atom phosphorous is covalently bonded to five chlorine atoms. Here the atomic of phosphorous undergoes `sp^(3) d^(2)` hybridisation which involves its one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals and one vacant 3d orbital `(d_(z)^(2)).` (ii) The ground state electronic configuration of phosphorous is `[Ne]3s^(2)" "3p_(x)^(2)" "3p_(y)^(1)" "3p_(z)^(1)`  (iii) One of the paired electrons in the 3s orbital of f phosphorous is promoted to one of its vacant 3d orbital `(dz^(2))` in the excited state.  (iv) The `3p_(z)` orbitals of the five chlorine atoms inearly overlap ALONG the axis with the five `sp_(3)` dhybridised orbitals of phosphorous to form the five `P - CL SIGMA` bonds as follows. 
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