In the Vedic Age, well organised political system came into practice. Family was the smallest unit of this political system. Nation was the biggest unit of this system. Rashtra (nation)Jan – Vish – gram (village) and kul (family) were the organisations of the political system in descending order. There were many jans in one nation.

The head of the ‘kuľ was called Kulup and the head of village was called gramine. The official of the vish was called Vishpati. The head of Jan was called Gop. The country / state was called Rashtra and the king was its head. The office of the king was dynastic. There are records in the Rigveda that on some occasions, the king was elected from the loyal family.

We see Public welfare state in those days. The king while ascending the throne, had to take oath of the people’s cause. The people paid taxes to the king and the taxes were called Baliharat. In the Rigveda, we find the mention of Panchjana at many places. There used to be five jans. They were-Anu, Yasstu, Turvas, Puru and Duhe.