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Explain the factors which are responsible for the deviation of solution from Raoult's law. |
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Answer» Solution :Factors RESPONSIBLE for deviation from Raoult's law The deviation of solution from ideal behavior is attributed to the following factors. (i) Solute -solvent interactions : For an idealsolution ,the interaction between the solent molecules (A-A) the solute molecules (B-B) and between the solvent & solute molecules(A-B) are expoected to be similar . If theseinteractions are dissimilar ,then there will be a deviation from ideal behavior. (ii) Dissociationof solute : When a solute present in a solution dissociates to give its contituent ions. the resultant ions interact strongly with the solvent and cause deviation from Raoult's law A solution of potassium chloride in water deviates form ideal behaviour because the solute dissociates to give ` K^(+) and Cl^(-) ` ion which form strong ion-dipole interaction with water molecules ` KCl(s) +H_2O(I) to K^(+) (aq) Cl^(-) (aq) ` (iii) Association of solute : Association of solute molecules can ALSO cause deviation from ideal behaviour . For example, in solution, ACETIC , acid exists as a dimer by forming intermomlecular hydrogen bonds , and hence deviates from Raoult's law ` (##SUR_CHE_XI_V02_C09_E05_006_S01.png" width="80%"> (IV) Temperature: An increase in temperature of the solution increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules present in the solution which causes decrease in the attractive force between them As result the solution deviates from ideal behaviour (v) Pressure : At high pressure the molecules tend to stay close to each other and therefore there will be an increase in their intermolecular attraction. US a solution deviates from Raoult's law at high pressure (vi )Concentration : It a solution is suffciently dilute there is no pronounced solvent-solute interaction because the number of solute molecules are very low compared to the solvent . When the concentration is increased by adding solute , the solvent-solute interaction becomes significant .This causes deviation from the Raoult's law. |
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