Newark System. 

Issue procedure:

• Book(s) with borrower’s card are presented by the user at the circulation counter
• The due date is stamped on the date slip of the book by the circulation staff
• Similarly the due date is stamped on the book card taken out of the book pocket and borrower’s card
• The borrower’s number is written opposite the date in the book card and filed behind the concerned date guide card
• The borrower’s card and the book are returned to the user.

Return Procedure:

• When book with borrower’s card are presented for return, date of return is stamped on the borrower’s card for cancelling the issue for the book. Then borrower’s card is returned to the user.
• The book card is taken out from the filing tray and placed in the book pocket
• If the book is returned after the due date the fine is computed and collected. The date of return is stamped only after the fine is paid.

Advantages:

• There is a permanent record of the number and types of books issued to the reader
• Possible to know at any time, where a given book is, to whom it is charged and when it is due.
• Danger of lost is minimum
• The record of the number of times a book has been circulated is available

Disadvantages:

• The issue/return procedures are time consuming
• During rush hour, there is possibility of inaccurate entries, especially the borrower’s membership number.