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Explain the mechanism of sulphonation of benzene? |
Answer» Solution :Sulphonation : Benzene reacts with CONCENTRATED sulphuric acid at `80^(@)`C to form benzene sulphuric acid. Mechanism: This INVOLVES the following steps. Step 1: Generation of electrophile `SO_(3)` `""2H_(2)SO_(4) hArr SO_(3) + H_(3)O^(+) + HSO_(4)^(-)` Step 2: The electrophile `SO_(3)` attacks the benzene ring to form a carbocation which is resonance STABILIZED.  Step 3: Loss of a proton to give introbenzene. The proton is removed by `HSO_(4)^(-)`  Step 4: Addition of proton to give benzene sulphonic acid. 
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