MENDEL’S EXPERIMENT : 

(i) Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 in sillsian, a village in Heizendorf .He conducted hybridization experiments on garden pea for seven years. 

(ii) Material of the experiment: Mendel selected garden pea for his experiments due to following reasons: 

(a) Pea plants are generally self pollinated. 

(b) It can be easily cross pollinated. 

(c) Many varieties were available. 

(d) Life cycle of plants is short. 

(iii )Steps of the experiment : Mendel performed his experiments in three stages. 

Stage I – Selection of true breeding plant, as parents (For seven pairs of contrasting characters) 

Stage II – Hybridization of parents with contrasting character to obtain plants of first hybrid generation (F₁ generation) 

Stage III – Self pollination of F₁ plants to produce F₂ generation and selfing of F₂ plants to produce F₃ generation.

Results of Mendel’s experiment: 

1.Only one type of parental character appeared in F₁ generation. 

2. Both parental characters appeared in F₂ generation in the ratio of 3:1 in case of monohybrid cross. 

3. In dihybrid cross two parental and two new combinations of plants appeared in the ratio of 9:3:3:1.