In 3-D design, a designer uses all three axes (x, y and z) to interpret and develop a realistic figure of the desired object. Almost all 3-D design methods incorporate four fundamental processes while interpreting an object electronically in its three dimensions: modeling, layout designing, animation and rendering. Modeling in 3-D designs is referred to the interpretation and development of basic object shape, while layout designing deals with the placement of an object within a suitable background. Similarly, the process of animation deals with any movement or motion associated with the object, and rendering defines angling and positioning of the light source within the design. 

Following are some of the techniques used in 3D Modeling:

Contour/Edge modeling: In Edge modeling the modelers develop the model piece by piece, instead of refining a primitive shape. This is done by placing the loops of polygons along the outlines and filling the gaps that lie between them. This process is applied, as it is difficult to complete certain meshes through box modeling. For instance, the human face cannot be completed only through box modeling. You can collaborate with one of the reputed modeling companies to get these models designed. The experts carry out the 3D modeling process with dexterity and develop the desired models.

Digital sculpting: Digital sculpting (also called 3D sculpting) is when an artist sculpts a 3D object on a computer with material similar to digitized clay. Software with brushes and tools that push, pull, pinch and smooth make it easy to create detailed sculpts that mimic real life textures and objects. The automobile industry has been using this technique while designing the cars etc. and has integrated these technologies into the product development and marketing strategies. Digital sculpting is a type of disruptive technology, and it has leveraged the 3D modeling process to a great extent.

Image-based modeling: In image-based modeling, 3D objects are derived algorithmically from a set of 2D images, that are static in nature. This type of modeling is used in cases, where the modeler faces budgetary or time restrictions, and are not able to develop fully realized 3D images. This is one of the most common type of 3D modeling in the film industry. Over the years, image based modeling is increasingly being used in the entertainment industry.

Surface modeling: Surface modeling helps in creating a 3D spline. The process involves the incorporation of a 2D spline, and it is different from NURBS. This modeling technique is primarily used to generate organic 3D models in films. It offers a good amount of flexibility to the modelers. They can easily create a 3D representation with various requirements, using geometric entities like curves or surfaces.