Ganga river is the national and a huge river of India. At present, the degree of pollution in the river is constantly increasing, by which river water is becoming harmful! for human use. This polluted water is destroying the river ecosystem rapidly. The amount of toxic material dissolved in the water of the river was measured 6.8 - 7.2 MG / L. This amount is very high. In general, this quantity should be 4.0 MG /L..

Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi and Patna recorded the highest level of Ganga water pollution. Similarly, the presence of dissolved bio – organisms (BOD) was found to be very high from Kannauj to Varanasi. In Kanpur it was recorded to be around 16.39 mg / litre. This was recorded to be the lowest 3 mg / liter in the mountainous regions. Similarly, 15.58 MG / littre B.O.D was recorded in delta regions beyond Patna. The quantity of D.O and B.O.D. was found to be different before and after the monsoon.

Similarly, in Kannauj, Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi the presence of coliform was found to be the highest in river water. Due to the high D.O. And B.O.D. and coliform, the amount of / pollution was found to be more in river water.

Causes of pollution of Ganga river: Ganga river is being polluted due to many pollutants being mixed in this huge river. 

The causes of pollution of this river are:

1. Settlement of 2500 – 3000 cities is found on both sides of this river. Because of this, river water gets polluted due to massive human density. 

2. As the human urine and waste is directly introduced into the river through sewer lines, the river is polluted.

3. Its pollution is increasing due to improper disposal of various types of wastes. 

4. The work of agriculture and animal husbandry is done on both sides of this river. Water is polluted by this process also. 

5. The river’s water is polluted due to the waste from the industries which are found in the cities situated on the banks of this river. 

6. The process of cremation of dead bodies on the river banks is also polluting it. 

7. Pollution in the river has increased very rapidly due to the dumping of wastes from chemical, leather, fertilizer and other industries and sewage and wastes from the cities, in the Ganges river. This water cannot be used for bathing or drinking.

Prevention of Pollution of Ganga River: 

1. Ganga Action Plan is implemented smoothly and at a rapid pace. 

2. Increasing political and administrative will power and foresightedness. 

3. Corruption should be completely eliminated. 

4. Planting of trees should be promoted. 

5. There should be a proper arrangement for disposal of waste water, industrial wastes and solids. 

6. The sewage water should be introduced into the river after due process in sewage treatment plants. 

7. The process of dead bodies immersion should be stopped. 

8. There should be a proper arrangement for disposal of chemical substances and various chemicals emitted from industries. 

9. All people should take care not to pollute the Ganga, considering this to be their moral responsibility.