Saved Bookmarks
| 1. |
Explain the terms inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? (a) Cl_(3)C COOH gt Cl_(2)CHCOOH gt ClCH_(2)COOH (b) CH_(3)CH_(2)COOH gt (CH_(3))_(2)CHCOOH gt (CH_(3))_(3) C.COOH |
|
Answer» Solution :(a) `Cl_(3)COOH gt Cl_(2)CHCOOH gt ClCH_(2)COOH`: These correct order of acidity is explain by NEGATIVE inductive effect (-I) of CL. Cl group containing electron attracting inductive effect As the no. of Cl group is more the electron attracting induction is more. These inductive effect displace in C-C, C-O and O-H bond. So electron of O-H bond remain near to O and away from H and H and `O-H` bond become `O^(delta -)- H^(delta +)` polar. The disability of removed of `H^(+)` is maximum in `Cl_(3)C COOH`  `(i) rarr (ii) rarr (iii)`, as the no. of Cl decreases, the tendency of removal of O-H bond decreases, so acidic strength is also decreases. (b) `CH_(3)CH_(2)COOH gt (CH_(3))_(2) CHCOOH gt (CH_(3))_(3)C COOH`: In these the alkyle groups are containing electron donating (REPULSIVE) (+I) inductive effect. As the NUMBER of alkyl group `-CH_(3)` is increase, then the electron repulsion is also increases. And therefore electron are comes near to O-H bond and O-H bond becomes weak. `H^(+)` donating tendency is decrease so, acidic strength also decrease . THe (+I) effect of -`CH_(3)` displace in bond is as under. 
|
|