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Explain the types of substitution reaction? |
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Answer» Solution :Substitution reactions are classified into three types. They are, (i) Nucleophilic substitution reaction (ii) Electrophilicsubstitution reaction. (iii) Free radical substitution reaction (i) Nucleophilic substitution reaction : A nucleophilic substitution reaction is organicchemistry is a TYPE of reaction where a nucleophilic gets attached to the positive charged ATOMS or molecules of the other substamce, A good example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction is the hydrolysis of alkyl BROMIDE, under the basic conditions where in the NUCLEOPHILE is nothing but the base`O^(oplus)H`, whereas the LEAVING group is the `Br^(oplus)`.The reaction for the following is as give below. ` underset "(methyl bromide)"(CH_(3)Br) overset(aq^(oplus)OH) to underset"(methanol)"(CH_(3)OH + Br^(oplus))` (ii) Electrophilicsubstitution reaction : Theelectrophilicsubstitution reaction involves the electrophiles. The electrophilic reactions occur mostly with the aromatic compounds.This type of substitution reaction arebasically defined as those chemical reactions where the electrophile replaces the functional group in a compound but not the hydrogen atom, sometimes hydrogen atom can be also replaced by electrophiles. For example  (iii) Free radical substitution reaction : Free radical substitution reaction involving free radicals are a reactive intermediate. A - X + Y rightarrow A - Y + X` `CH_(4) + CI rightarrow CH_(3) + HCI` `CH_(3) + CI rightarrow underset ("methyl chloride") (CH_(3)CI) ` |
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