Answer:

Explanation:

In the time PERIOD between 632CE and 660CE, after Prophet Muhammad DIED, 3 Caliphs arose-- Abu Bakar, Omar and Osman. All of them ruled from Medina as their throne of power. Later on, the Caliphate shifted it's seat of power to Kufah, near ancient Babylon. After the ASSASSINATION of Omar in 644CE, the Ummayyads succeeded to the Caliphate, and remained in power until 750CE. At that time, there also rose a dispute of succession between the Ummayyads and the Abbasids.

The Ummayyads then again made Damascus their capital instead of Medina. At the time, the Arab EMPIRE extended from Afghanistan, Baluchistan and most of Central Asia in the east to Morocco in North Africa and a large part of Spain and France in the west. They also built many beautiful cities like Baghdad, Cairo and Damascus. There were also few other factors which led to the prosperity of the empire.

During the reign of Abd al-Malik and his successors, both the Arab and Islam identities were strongly emphasized. Arabic was made the language of administration, and coins were struck with Arabic inscriptions. Because of the extent of the empire, the Islamic and Arabic cultures were spread to greater extents.