Major Agencies of Political Participation and their contribution : 

All those means and assets which enhance or exhibit the political participation are called its agencies. 

The major political participation agencies and their importance is following :

• Pressure Groups : 

These are groups of politically awakened people, formed for common purposes and to pressurise the government to accept their demands. These are very effective in western countries. 

•  Proposal Preparation : 

This process is more common in Switzerland. Under this process, any voter can draft a proposal regarding a required provision or constitutional amendment and can send it to legislature for its approval. But this proposal must be signed by a definite number of supporters. 

• Call back of Representative : 

Through this provision, the voters have right to cancel the power of their representative before completion of term. If the political representative sent by them to government post is not working according to the expectation of voters, they are given the right to call their representative back. 

•  Public Hearing : 

In this process, the public representatives and government officials hear the complaints, problems and demands of public related to different subjects and then discuss its solutions. 

•  Advisory council : 

These are the committees of people having knowledge of a particular field. Many such committees of different fields are connected to their related departments to give advice to government officials and employees and to keep watch on their working procedure. Many such advisory committees and councils have been organised in India in various departments at different levels. 

• Voting for the Decision on a Question : 

Under this process, public voting is done regarding a subject of public importance or national importance like constitutional amendment, passing a new bill, etc. Recently, such voting was done in Britain to ask the citizens whether Britain should continue its membership of European Union or not. The public rejected the continuation of E.U. membership. 

• Civil Disobedience : 

It was the popular tool of Gandhiji to fight against British Government in India. Under this process, the protesters openly break the unjust law and then court voluntary arrest to draw the attention of masses and the government. 

• Political Reprisal : 

It is also called political violence. It is non-traditional form of political participation but has become more common now. When people are not satisfied with the working or policies of government, they start strikes, destroy public property, explode bombs, block the roads, etc to compel the government to accept their demands.