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Explajin formation of four sigma bond with example. OR Explain shape of methane. |
Answer» SOLUTION :In METHANE electron configuration of carbon in ground state is [He] `2s^(2)2P^(2)`, now in excited state one electron of 2s enter in 2p orbital. The energy required is balanced by FREE energy.  Excited carbon has four half filled orbitals 2s, `2p_(x), 2p_(y), 2p_(z) and sp^(3)` these orbital mix together and form four `sp^(3)` orbitals. These `sp^(3)` hybrid orbitals arrange at `109.5^(@)` angle in the four CORNER of tetrahedron. These half filled orbital with 1s orbital of hydrogen on internuclear axis and form 4 C-H `sigma` bond. In this way in `CH_(4)`C- H bond in at `109.5^(@)`. angle and arrange in three dimension direction in tetrahedral structure. So `CH_(4)` has tetrahedral structure H-C-H bond angle is `109.5^(@)`. 
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