1.

. Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistanthat led to the creation of the new nation of Bangladesh.How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?

Answer»

Pakistanis spoke in Urdu while Bangladeshis spoke in Bengali. The government of Pakistan imposed a law that made Urdu the national language of Pakistan and Bangladesh. This triggered a war after which Bangladesh achieved independence from Pakistan.

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TheBangladesh Liberation War, also known as theBangladesh War of Independence, or simply theLiberation Warin Bangladesh, was a revolution andarmed conflictsparked by the rise of theBengali nationalistandself-determinationmovement in what was thenEast Pakistanduring the1971 Bangladesh genocide. It resulted in the independence of thePeople's Republic of Bangladesh. The war began after thePakistanimilitary juntabased inWest PakistanlaunchedOperation Searchlightagainst the people of East Pakistan on the night of 25 March 1971. It pursued the systematic elimination of nationalist Bengali civilians, students,intelligentsia, religious minorities and armed personnel. The junta annulled the results of the1970 electionsand arrestedPrime minister-designateSheikh Mujibur Rahman. The war ended on 16 December 1971 after West Pakistan surrendered.Rural and urban areas across East Pakistan saw extensive military operations and air strikes to suppress the tide ofcivil disobediencethat formed following the 1970 election stalemate. ThePakistan Army, which had the backing of Islamists, created radical religious militias – theRazakars,Al-BadrandAl-Shams– to assist it during raids on the local populace.[13][14][15][16][17]Urdu-speakingBiharis in Bangladesh(ethnic minority) were also in support of Pakistani military. Members of the Pakistani military and supporting militias engaged in mass murder, deportation andgenocidal rape. The capitalDhakawas the scene of numerous massacres, including theOperation SearchlightandDhaka University massacre. An estimated 10 million Bengalirefugeesfled to neighboring India, while 30 million were internally displaced.[18]Sectarian violencebroke out between Bengalis andUrdu-speaking immigrants. An academic consensus prevails that the atrocities committed by the Pakistani military were agenocide.



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