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| 1. |
For multiple electronic species 3d and 4p are degenerate orbitals |
| Answer» <html><body><p>The degeneracy of d-orbitals in an atom depends on the environment in which the atom is present. In a free atom all the five d-orbitals in a subshell are degenerate. In a magnetic field, however, degeneracy is lost.</p><p></p><p>If the atom is part of a molecule, as,say , the central atom in a transition metal complex, the degeneracy of d-orbitals depends on the geometrical arrangement of ligands around the central atom. In the common cases of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes , the five d-orbitals are split into two sets t2 and e in the former and t2g and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/eg-445433" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EG">EG</a> in the latter. The orbitals in the t2 or t2g sets are triply degenerate while those in the e or eg are doubly degenerate. Remember that a slight distortion in the ideal geometry <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/changes-913881" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CHANGES">CHANGES</a> the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/splitting-1222563" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SPLITTING">SPLITTING</a> pattern somewhat. A tetragonal distortion of a regular octahedral complex removes the degeneracy of the dz^2 and dx^2-y^2 orbitals as also of dxy and dxz, dyz. Degeneracy of d-orbitals is also subject to the Jahn Teller effect in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/nonlinearbrbr-2874109" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NONLINEAR">NONLINEAR</a> complexes.</p><p></p><p>For the splitting of d-orbitals in other geometries please look into a good Inorganic Chemistry textbook, e.g., Coordination Chemistry by D Bannerjea or Inorganic Chemistry by Huheey.</p></body></html> | |