Genetic engineering is a promising branch recently developed in biolo

1.	Genetic engineering is a promising branch recently developed in biological science.(a) Expand PCR and name three steps in each cycle. (b) What is a plasmid? Name three features required for cloning vectors.
Answer» (a) PCR or polymerase chain reaction involves 4 steps (1) Denaturation – It involves the separating of DNA strands. (2) Annealing – The double strands are synthesised from free nucleotides by the action of DNA polymerase. (3) Extension – The length of the strands are increased as a result of addition of more and more nucleotides. The process of replication is repeated many times & billions of copies of DNA is synthesised. (b) Plasmids are circular double stranded DNA molecules occurring in extra chromosomal state (1) Ori (Origin of replication) it is the sequence from where replication starts. (2) Cloning sites: For linking the alien DNA into the vector, there must be preferably single recognition sites because more than one recognition sites within the vector results several fragments. (3) Selectable markers are employed in rDNA technology for selecting the recombinants from non recombinants.

Genetic engineering is a promising branch recently developed in biological science.(a) Expand PCR and name three steps in each cycle. (b) What is a plasmid? Name three features required for cloning vectors.

Answer»

(a) PCR or polymerase chain reaction involves 4 steps

(1) Denaturation – It involves the separating of DNA strands.

(2) Annealing – The double strands are synthesised from free nucleotides by the action of DNA polymerase.

(3) Extension –

The length of the strands are increased as a result of addition of more and more nucleotides. The process of replication is repeated many times & billions of copies of DNA is synthesised.

(b) Plasmids are circular double stranded DNA molecules occurring in extra chromosomal state

(1) Ori (Origin of replication) it is the sequence from where replication starts.

(2) Cloning sites: For linking the alien DNA into the vector, there must be preferably single recognition sites because more than one recognition sites within the vector results several fragments.

(3) Selectable markers are employed in rDNA technology for selecting the recombinants from non recombinants.

Genetic engineering is a promising branch recently developed in biological science.(a) Expand PCR and name three steps in each cycle. (b) What is a plasmid? Name three features required for cloning vectors.

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