1.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of chemicals:(i) Lead nitrate solution and Zinc nitrate solution. (ii) Sodium chloride solution and Sodium nitrate solution.

Answer»

(i) Add ammonium hydroxide to the solutions of lead nitrate and zinc nitrate dropwise and then in excess.


Lead Nitrate
Zinc Nitrate
(i) On adding ammonium hydroxide chalky white precipitates of lead hydroxide are formed.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH⟶Pb(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3
(i) On adding ammonium hydroxide gelatinous white precipitate of zinc hydroxide are formed.
Zn(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3
(ii) On adding excess of ammonium hydroxide, the precipitates do not dissolve.(ii) On adding excess of ammonium hydroxide, the precipitates dissolve forming a soluble complex.
Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 + 2NH4OH ⟶ [Zn(NH3)4](NO3) + 4H2O

(ii) Add silver nitrate solution to both sodium chloride and sodium nitrate solution and observe.

Sodium ChorideSodium Nitrate
(i) Add silver nitrate solution to sodium chloride
NaCl + AgNO3 ⟶AgCl↓ + NaNO3
You will observe curdy white precipitates of silver chloride.
(i) Add silver nitrate solution to sodium nitrate. No reaction will take place.
NaNO3 + AgNO3 ⟶No reaction


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