Give an account of mutation breeding with examples.

1.	Give an account of mutation breeding with examples.
Answer» 1. Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genotype. 2. Natural mutations occur at a very slow rate. 3. Natural physical mutagens include exposure to high temperature, high concentration of C02, X-rays, UV rays. 4. Mutations can be induced by using various mutagens. 5. Mutagens cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. 6. Chemical mutagens include nitrous acid, EMS (Ethyl – Methyl – Sulphonate), mustard gas, colchicine, etc. 7. Seedlings or seeds are irradiated by using CO60 or UV bulbs or X-ray machines. 8. The mutated seedlings are then screened for resistance to diseases/pests, high yield, etc. 9. Examples of mutant varieties in different crops are Jagannath (rice), NP 836 (rust resistant wheat variety), Indore-2 (cotton variety resistant to bollworm), Regina-II (cabbage variety resistant to bacterial rot).

Answer»

1. Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genotype.

2. Natural mutations occur at a very slow rate.

3. Natural physical mutagens include exposure to high temperature, high concentration of C02, X-rays, UV rays.

4. Mutations can be induced by using various mutagens.

5. Mutagens cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.

6. Chemical mutagens include nitrous acid, EMS (Ethyl – Methyl – Sulphonate), mustard gas, colchicine, etc.

7. Seedlings or seeds are irradiated by using CO60 or UV bulbs or X-ray machines.

8. The mutated seedlings are then screened for resistance to diseases/pests, high yield, etc.

9. Examples of mutant varieties in different crops are Jagannath (rice), NP 836 (rust resistant wheat variety), Indore-2 (cotton variety resistant to bollworm), Regina-II (cabbage variety resistant to bacterial rot).

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