1.

Give an account of the asexual reproduction by spores in algae.

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Algae reproduce asexually by a variety of spores such as ,1) Zoospores : these are flagelated , often with an eyespot. Normally these are formed under favourable conditions e.g. Chlamydomonas.In Vaucheria, compound zoospores called synzoospore are formed.2) Aplanospores : these are non motile thin walled zoospores , formed by cleavage of protoplasts within a cell. They are formed under unfavourable conditions e.g. Ulothrix3) Akinetes : these are formed under unfavourable conditions as method of perinnation. They are thick walled and non motile. On release they form new thalli e.g. Anabaena4) Hypnospores: these are thick walled aplanospores and are formed during unfavourable conditions. Under prolonged unfavourable conditions the protoplasm of Hypnospores divides to make cysts e.g. Chlamydomonas nivalis.5) Tetraspores : these are haploid thin walled non motile spores formed after reduction division in diploid tetrasporangia e.g. members of Rhodophyceae and Phaeophceae.6) Autospores : these are similar to the parent cell. In Chlorella and Scenedesmus autospores acquire all characteristics of parent cells before their discharge from sporangium.


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