Afghanistan is a landlocked country in the mountains of South Central Asia, sharing borders with Pakistan to the South East and Iran to the West. The Government of Mohamed Daoud was overthrown and he was assassinated by a group of Nur Mohamed Taraki, Babrak Karmol and Amin Taha in a miliary coup in April 1978.

Mohamed Taraki became the President, Prime Minister and General Secreatry of People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) in 1978 and the country was renamed as Democratic Republic of Afghanisthan(DRA). As per Peshawar Accord, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) became Islamic State of Afghanistan (ISA) and an Interim government was set up for the purpose of transition.

In the meanwhile Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist group bombed Kabul in 1995. The UN interactions with the Afghan delegation lead to Bonn Agreement of 2001. It was intended for a broad based, gender sensitive, multi-ethnic and fully representative government. The 11th September 2001, attack on World Trade Organisation (WTO) by Taliban led by A1 -Qaeda leader Osama Bin laden attracted the attention of the whole world.

As a result, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) alliances rushed towards Afghanisthan to hunt for Talibanis with the support of the US Government. The democratic process began with the adoption of new constitution in 2004 and later Presidential elections were held. In 2005 election was held to Paliament and provinces. The New National assembly was inaugurated in December 2005.

The NATO allies were able to prevent the Al- Qaeda and Talibanis to come to power and strengthened democracy within the framework of Islamic Republic. As a result of these developments, in 2009 elections, Dr Hamid Karzai became the President. Afghanistan is continuing ‘ the democratic process.