Give reasons :A. Ga3+ salts are better reducing agent while Tl3+ salt

1.	Give reasons :A. Ga3+ salts are better reducing agent while Tl3+ salts are better oxidising agent.B. PbCl4 is less stable than PbCl2
Answer» A. i. Both gallium (Ga) and thallium (Tl) belong to group 13. ii. Ga is lighter element compared to thallium Tl. Therefore, Its +3 oxidation state is stable. Thus, Ga+ loses two electrons and get oxidized to Ga³⁺. Hence, Ga+ salts are better reducing agent. iii. Thallium is a heavy element. Therefore, due to the inert pair effect, Tl forms stable compounds in +1 oxidation state. Thus, Tl³⁺salts get easily reduced to Tl¹⁺ by accepting two electrons. Hence, Tl³⁺ salts are better oxidizing agent. [Note : This question is modified so as to apply the appropriate textual concept.] B. i. Pb has electronic configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p². ii. Due to poor shielding of 6s² electrons by inner d and f electrons, it is difficult to remove 6s² electrons (inert pair). iii. Thus, due to inert pair effect, +2 oxidation state is more stable than +4 oxidation state. Hence, PbCl₄ is less stable than PbCl₂.

Give reasons :A. Ga3+ salts are better reducing agent while Tl3+ salts are better oxidising agent.B. PbCl4 is less stable than PbCl2

Answer»

A. i. Both gallium (Ga) and thallium (Tl) belong to group 13.

ii. Ga is lighter element compared to thallium Tl.

Therefore,

Its +3 oxidation state is stable.

Thus,

Ga+ loses two electrons and get oxidized to Ga³⁺.

Hence,

Ga+ salts are better reducing agent.

iii. Thallium is a heavy element.

Therefore, due to the inert pair effect,

Tl forms stable compounds in +1 oxidation state.

Thus,

Tl³⁺salts get easily reduced to Tl¹⁺ by accepting two electrons.

Hence,

Tl³⁺ salts are better oxidizing agent.

[Note : This question is modified so as to apply the appropriate textual concept.]

B. i. Pb has electronic configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p².

ii. Due to poor shielding of 6s² electrons by inner d and f electrons, it is difficult to remove 6s² electrons (inert pair).

iii. Thus, due to inert pair effect,

+2 oxidation state is more stable than +4 oxidation state.

Hence,

PbCl₄ is less stable than PbCl₂.