Give reasons : (i) H3PO3 undergoes disproportionation reaction but H

1.	Give reasons : (i) H3PO3 undergoes disproportionation reaction but H3PO4 does not. (ii) When Cl2 reacts with excess of F2, ClF3 is formed and not FCl3 (iii) Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature.
Answer» (i) The oxidation state of P in H₃PO₄ is +5 and in H₃PO₃ is +3. The oxidation state of P expands from -3 to +5. So, H₃PO₄ can only be reduced whereas H₃PO₃ can be both oxidized and reduced. Hence, H₃PO₃ undergoes disproportionation reaction but H₃PO₄ does not. (ii) As fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine and due to absence of empty d-orbital, fluorine shows only -1 oxidation state. As it is not able to expand its covalency, therefore FeCl₃ does not exist. (iii) The size of oxygen is smaller than sulphur due to which it forms pπ-pπ bond leading to the formation of O₂ molecule. The intermolecular forces in it are weak van der Waals forces which cause it to exist as gas. Whereas, sulphur does not form S=S double bonds but exist as S₈ molecule held by strong covalent bonds and exists as solid.

Give reasons : (i) H3PO3 undergoes disproportionation reaction but H3PO4 does not. (ii) When Cl2 reacts with excess of F2, ClF3 is formed and not FCl3 (iii) Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature.

Answer»

(i) The oxidation state of P in H₃PO₄ is +5 and in H₃PO₃ is +3. The oxidation state of P expands from -3 to +5. So, H₃PO₄ can only be reduced whereas H₃PO₃ can be both oxidized and reduced. Hence, H₃PO₃ undergoes disproportionation reaction but H₃PO₄ does not.

(ii) As fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine and due to absence of empty d-orbital, fluorine shows only -1 oxidation state. As it is not able to expand its covalency, therefore FeCl₃ does not exist.

(iii) The size of oxygen is smaller than sulphur due to which it forms pπ-pπ bond leading to the formation of O₂ molecule. The intermolecular forces in it are weak van der Waals forces which cause it to exist as gas. Whereas, sulphur does not form S=S double bonds but exist as S₈ molecule held by strong covalent bonds and exists as solid.

Give reasons : (i) H3PO3 undergoes disproportionation reaction but H3PO4 does not. (ii) When Cl2 reacts with excess of F2, ClF3 is formed and not FCl3 (iii) Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature.

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