India has supported global nuclear disarmament and a nuclear weapons free world. First nuclear explosion was undertaken by India in 1974. A significant component of his industrialisation plans was the nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha. India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nehru was against nuclear weapons. So, he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament. However, the nuclear arsenal kept rising. When Communist China conducted nuclear tests in October 1964, the five nuclear weapon powers, the US, USSR, UK, France, and China (Taiwan then represented China) – also the five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council – tried to impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world. India has refused to sign the Non-proliferation Treaty and CTBT because it is discriminatory in nature and allows few countries to maintain nuclear weapons while prohibiting others and therefore does not guarantee a nuclear weapons free world or nuclear disarmament. India has also committed and maintained global nuclear safety standards and has clean record on proliferation also.