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Give the general formula of alkane series and discuss about eh structure of methane. |
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Answer» Solution :* The general FORMULA for alkanes is `C_(n)H_(2n+2)`, where n = no. of carbon atoms and (2n +2) = no. of hydrogen atoms in the moelcule. E.g., Butane has 4 carbon and 10 hydrogen and therefore formula is `C_(4)H_(10)`. * Bonding and structure : Methane has a tetrahedral structure which multiplanar, in which carbon atom lies at the CENTRE and the four hydrogen atoms lie at the four corners of regular tetrahedron.  (i) In methane H-C-H bond angles are `109.5^(@)`. (ii) In methane C-H bond lengths are 112 pm. (iii) In methane C-H bond is from. (iv) C-C and C-H `sigma` bonds are formed by head-on overlapping of `sp^(3)` hybridisation orbitals of carbon and 1s orbitals of hydrogen atoms. * In alkenes, tetrahedral are joined together in which C-C and C-H bond lengths are 154 pm and 112 pm repsectively. In which all of them are sigma bonds. C-C sigma bond, both carbon has `sp^(3)-sp^(3)` hybridized and 1s overlaps and formation of the hybridization. |
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