Given below are two statements, one levelled as Assertion (A) and the

1.	Given below are two statements, one levelled as Assertion (A) and the other levelled as Reason (R) :Assertion (A): Substance is conceived on the basis of mutual independence.Reason (R): Substances are mutually independent of one another as in dualism and pluralism.In the context of the two statements, which one of the following is correct?1. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (R).2. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R)3. (A) is correct, but (R) is not the correct.4. (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R) The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R). Theory of Substance It is a key concept in ontology and metaphysics, which may be classified into monist, dualist, or pluralist varieties according to how many substances or individuals are said to populate, furnish, or exist in the world. According to monistic views, there is only one substance. According to the generic sense, therefore, the substances in a given philosophical system are those things that, according to the system, are the foundational or fundamental entities of reality. Thus, for an atomist, atoms are substances, for they are the basic things from which everything is constructed. Aristotle defines substance as ultimate reality, in that substance does not belong to any other category of being, and in that substance is the category of being on which every other category of being is based. Aristotle also describes the substance as an underlying reality, or as the substratum of all existing things. One natural response to the question of what distinguishes substances from properties is that properties depend on their existence on substances, for they are properties of objects (that is, of individual substances), but that substances do not similarly depend on properties for their existence. The point cannot be made quite so simple. Properties could not exist without objects to be properties of, but neither could substances exist without properties, so the dependence appears to be mutual. so we can say that Substance is conceived based on mutual independence. Hence, the Assertion is correct. Substances are mutually independent of one another as in dualism and pluralism. Hence, the Reason is correct. Substance dualists typically argue that the mind and the body are composed of different substances and that the mind is a thinking thing that lacks the usual attributes of physical objects: size, shape, location, solidity, motion, adherence to the laws of physics, and so on. Substance dualists fall into several camps depending upon how they think mind and body are related. Interactionists believe that minds and bodies causally affect one another.

Given below are two statements, one levelled as Assertion (A) and the other levelled as Reason (R) :Assertion (A): Substance is conceived on the basis of mutual independence.Reason (R): Substances are mutually independent of one another as in dualism and pluralism.In the context of the two statements, which one of the following is correct?1. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (R).2. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R)3. (A) is correct, but (R) is not the correct.4. (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R)

The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (R).

Theory of Substance
- It is a key concept in ontology and metaphysics, which may be classified into monist, dualist, or pluralist varieties according to how many substances or individuals are said to populate, furnish, or exist in the world.
- According to monistic views, there is only one substance.
- According to the generic sense, therefore, the substances in a given philosophical system are those things that, according to the system, are the foundational or fundamental entities of reality.
- Thus, for an atomist, atoms are substances, for they are the basic things from which everything is constructed.
- Aristotle defines substance as ultimate reality, in that substance does not belong to any other category of being, and in that substance is the category of being on which every other category of being is based.
- Aristotle also describes the substance as an underlying reality, or as the substratum of all existing things.
- One natural response to the question of what distinguishes substances from properties is that properties depend on their existence on substances, for they are properties of objects (that is, of individual substances), but that substances do not similarly depend on properties for their existence.
- The point cannot be made quite so simple.
- Properties could not exist without objects to be properties of, but neither could substances exist without properties, so the dependence appears to be mutual. so we can say that Substance is conceived based on mutual independence. Hence, the Assertion is correct.
- Substances are mutually independent of one another as in dualism and pluralism. Hence, the Reason is correct.
- Substance dualists typically argue that the mind and the body are composed of different substances and that the mind is a thinking thing that lacks the usual attributes of physical objects: size, shape, location, solidity, motion, adherence to the laws of physics, and so on. Substance dualists fall into several camps depending upon how they think mind and body are related.
- Interactionists believe that minds and bodies causally affect one another.

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