• Introduction
• The cell theory
→ Types of organisms
→ Types of cells
• Difference between Animal cell and Plant cell
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Hypotonic or Hypertonic or Isotonic solution
• Plasma membrane or Cell membrane
→ Properties of Plasma membrane
→ Functions of Plasma membrane
• Cell Wall
→ FUNCTION of Cell Wall
• Plasmolysis
• Nucleus
→ Composition of Nucleus
→ Functions of Nucleus
• Nucleoid
• Cytoplasm
→ Function of Cytoplasm
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
→ Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
→ Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus
→ Function of Golgi Body
• Lysosomes
→ Functions of Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
→ Structure of mitochondria
→ Functions of mitochondria
• Plastids
→ Structure of Plastids
→ Function of Plastids
• Vacuoles
→ Functions of vacuoles


→ Types of organisms

• On the basis of no. of cells, organisms are of two types:
(i) Unicellular Organism
(ii) Multicellular Organism

(i) Unicellular Organism: These organisms are single CELLED which perform all the functions. Example: Amoeba, paramecium, bacteria.

(ii) Multicellular Organism: MANY cells grouped together to perform different function in the body  and also form various body parts. Example: fungi, plants, animals.


Cell Wall

• Cell wall is another rigid outer COVERING in addition to the plasma membrane found in plant cell. The cell wall lies outside the plasma membrane.

• The plant cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose. Cellulose is a complex substance which provides structural strength to plants.

→ Function of Cell Wall

• Cell walls permit the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria to withstand very dilute (hypotonic) EXTERNAL media without bursting.