1.

Hoa Jagisdari crises precipitatedthe decline of Mughals?

Answer»

TheJagirdarisystem was initially designed to cope with a socio-political situation that was rapidly changing during the eighteenth century. In its prime, the system was able to keep in check the centrifugal forces represented by thezamindarsand promoted a centralized policy. As time passed by, the old hierarchical society and theJagirdarisystem were at odds with the rising social forces. There was a continuously deepening social crisis because of the significant increase of the number ofJagirdarsand not enoughKhalisaland for the king to offer to his noblemen. With increasing successful conquests and liaisons, the size of the nobility increased and with that, claimants ofJagirincreased as well. This increase led to a division of the land andmansabswere now smaller than before. These smaller areas of lands also meant that smaller forces were held by theJagirdarsand thus,zamindarsbecame stronger in this scenario.TheJagirdarisystem delegated, to the Jagirdars, the responsibility of collecting taxes from thezamindars.However, the number ofzamindarswas large and each one of them had their own personal forces of clan/caste followers and supporters. With the decreased sizes of army presented to eachJagirdar,he could no longer subdue thezamindarsas well as the peasants by force. This caused the influence of imperial authority to decrease gradually aszamindarsrefused to cooperate with the system, looked for their own benefit and in some extreme cases even lead peasant uprisings. A decrease in the effectiveness of the imperial authority led to more rebellion, which further reduced the authority and the cycle continued.



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