1.

How are glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain-linked? Explain.

Answer»

Glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain are linked in the following manner:

1. The coenzymes are initially present in the form of NAD+ and FAD+ which latter get reduced to NADH+H+ and FADH+H+ by accepting the hydrogen from organic substrate during glycolysis, link reaction and Krebs cycle. 

2. During glycolysis, glucose is oxidised to two molecules of pyruvic acid with net gain 2 molecules of NADH+H+

3. This pyruvic acid undergoes link reaction to form two molecules of acetyl COA and two molecules of NADH+H+

4. Acetyl COA, thus formed enters into the Krebs cycle and it gets completely oxidised to CO2 and H2O; with a net gain of 6 NADH+H+ and 2 FADH+H+ are formed. 

5. During ETS, reduced coenzymes are reoxidized to NAD+ and FAD+ with a net gain of 34 ATPs. The ATPs thus formed are used during glycolysis.

6. The oxidized NAD+ and FAD+ will again accept the hydrogen from organic substrate. Thus, reduced coenzymes are converted back to their oxidized forms by dehydrogenation to keep the process going.



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