The following NLP components are USED in Conversational Agents:

• Speech Recognition and Synthesis: In the first stage, speech recognition helps convert speech signals to their phonemes, and are then transcribed as words.
• Natural Language Understanding (NLU): Here, the transcribed text from stage one is further analysed through AI techniques within the natural language understanding system. Certain NLP tasks such as Named ENTITY Recognition, Text Classification, Language modelling, etc. come into play here.
• Dialog Management: Once the needed information from text is extracted, we move on to the stage of understanding the user’s intent. The user’s response can then be classified by using a text classification system as a pre-defined intent. This helps the conversational agent in figuring out what is actually being asked.
• Generating Response: Based on the above stages, the agent generates an APPROPRIATE response that is based on a semantic interpretation of the user’s intent.