Consumers are cheated by the manufacturers and the traders commonly by the following ways : 

1. High prices : There can be some articles in the market without MRP (Market Retail Price). In this case, the traders can charge a price higher than the price prevailing in the market because of the ignorance and urgency of the customer. 

2. Underweight and under-measurement : By their cleverness, some traders stoop so low that they cheat the customers by resorting to underweight and under-measurement tactics. 

3. Substandard quality : Some traders or sellers sell substandard quality products to the consumer. Now-a-days markets are full of duplicate products. 

4. Adulterated and impure products : In edible items such as oil, ghee and spices adulteration is made in order to earn higher profits. This causes financial and health loss to the consumer. You may have heard people dying because of adulterated wine. 

5. Improper information : Companies spend a considerable amount on advertisements alone to attract consumers and feed information that they want the consumers to know but not the information the consumers need about the products. 

6. Lack of safety devices : In order to increase the sale of their products, some producers, especially of electrical goods, electronic devices and such other appliances, try to produce things of poor quality without following safety measures.