In situ conservation:

• When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all level is protected – we save the entire forest to save the tiger. This approach is called in situ (on site) conservation. 
• Biodiversity hot spot: regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism.(species confined to that region and not found anywhere else) 
• Hot spot in biodiversity is also regions of accelerated habitat loss.
• Out of 34 hot spot in the world, three hot spot located in India: 
• Western Ghats and Srilanka. 
• Indo-Burma. 
• Himalaya.

Other protected area under in situ conservations are: 

• 14 biosphere reserve 
• 90 national park 
• 448 wild life sanctuary 

Sacred groves: tract of forest were set aside, and all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection. 

Ex situ conservation: threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. 

• Zoological Park. 
• Botanical garden 
• Wildlife safari. 
• Conservation of gamete by cryopreservation. 
• Genetic strains are preserved in seed bank.

Convention on Biodiversity: 

The earth Summit‖ held in Rio de Jeneiro in 1992 called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits. World Summit on Sustainable development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local level.