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How does inductive effect influence the reactivity and acidity of carboxylic acids? |
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Answer» Solution :(1) Reactivity : (i) When a highly electronegative atom such as halogen is attached to a carbon then it makes the `C-X` bond polar. (ii) In such cases the `-I` EFFECT of halogen facilitates the attack of an incoming nucleophile atthe polarized carbon and hence increases the reactivity.  (iii) If a `-i` group is attacher neared to a carbonyl carbon, it DECREASES the AVAILABILITY of electron density on the carbonyl carbon and hence increases the rate of the nucleophilic addition reaction. (2) Acidity of carboxylic acid: (i) When a halogen atom is attached to the carbon which is neared to the carboxylic acid group, its`-I` effect withdraws the bonded electrons towards itself and makes the ionization of `H^(+)` easy. (ii) The acidity of various chloro acetic acid is in the following order. `CI_(3)C-COOH gt CI_(2)CHCOOH gt CICH_(2)COOH` The strength of the acid increases with INCREASE in the -effect of the group attached to the CARBOXYL group. (iii) Similarly the following order of acidity in the carboxylic acids is due too the `+I` effect of alkyl group. `(CH_(3))_(3)CCOOH lt (CH_(3))_(2)CHCOOH lt CH_(3)COOH` |
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