1.

How Is the water transported up to the leaves in the trees which may be more than 100m high?

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The process of upward movemebt of water through xylem element is known as translocation of water . It occurs according to transpiration pull theory. This theory explains about the upward movement of water , which is due to tension arising at the surface of the leaves . The tension passes into the roots . Te roots consist of cell sap which has high OP (osmotic pressure) . So, the water from the surrounding soil solution enters into the root cell and increases the turgidity of the cell . It causes endoosmosis. The absorbed water now translocation into the cortex and then to xylem. In the lumen of xylem , the attraction of water takes place and cohesion occurs. At the same time ,the water molecules get attached to the wall of xylem . This is due to adhesion . It makes a continuous column of water and reaches to the top of the plant . It is known as transpiration pull theory as transpiration acts as a tension on the surface of the leaves . So the greater the rate of transpiration ,greater will be the rate of translocation .
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