How would the fundamental frequency emitted from an organ pipe, open at both the ends, change, if (i) an open end is suddenly closed, (ii) the length of the pipe is increased,(iii)the diameter of the pipe is increased ? (iv) what would happen if air is blown heavily through an open end ?

How would the fundamental frequency emitted from an organ pipe, open a

1.	How would the fundamental frequency emitted from an organ pipe, open at both the ends, change, if (i) an open end is suddenly closed, (ii) the length of the pipe is increased,(iii)the diameter of the pipe is increased ? (iv) what would happen if air is blown heavily through an open end ?
Answer» Answer :(i)Ifan open end is suddenly closed, the pipe open at both ends becomes a closed pipe of equal LENGTH. In this case,the fundamental frequency would be halved . (II)The frequency of the emitted fundamental tone isinversely PROPORTIONAL to the length of the pipe.So ,the frequency would decrease with the increases in the length of the pipe. (iii)The end error of a pipe increases with the increase in diameter.As a result, the effective length of the pipe increases . The fundamental frequency is inversely proportional to the length of the pipe ; so the frequency would decrease due to this increase ineffective length. (iv)Heavier blow would increase the loudness of the emitted tones. MOREOVER, the higher (i.e., 2nd , 3RD , 4th, ....) harmonics would be formed more easily .