1.

How would you distinguish gem-dihalides and vicinal dihalides?

Answer»

Solution :(i) Gem-dihalides on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH gives an aldehyde or a ketone WHEREAS vicinal dihalides on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH give glycols.
(ii)`underset("Ethylidene dichloride ")(CH_3-CHCl_2) + KOH(AQ.) underset(-2KCl)to [CH_3-CH (OH)_2] overset(H_2O)to underset("Acctaldehyde")(CH_3-CHO)`
(iii) `underset("Ethylene dichloride ")(underset(Cl)underset(|)(CH_2) - underset(Cl)underset(|)CH_2) + 2KOH (aq.) underset(2KCl)to underset("Ethylene glycol ")(underset(OH)underset(|)(CH_2)-underset(OH)underset(|)(CH_2))`
The above reaction can be used to distinguish between gem-dihalides and vicinal dihalides.


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