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(i) Explain the exchange reactions of deuterium. (ii) Explain the action of soap with hard water. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Deuterium can replace reversibly hydrogen in compounds either partially or completely depending upon the reaction conditions. These reactions occur in the presence of deuterium. `underset("Methane")(CH_(4))+2D_(2)tounderset("DEUTERO methane")(CD_(4)+2H_(2))` `underset("Ammonia")(2NH_(3))+3D_(2)+underset("Deutero ammonia")(2ND_(3)+3H_(2))` (ii) Action of soap with hard WATER: • The cleaning capacity of soap is reduced when used in hard water. • Soaps are sodium or potassium SALTS of long chain fatty acids. • When soap is added to hard water, the divalent magnesium and calcium cations present in hard water react with soap. • The sodium salts present in soaps are converted to their corresponding magnesium and calcium salts which are precipitated as scum or precipitate. `M^(2+)+2RCOONato(RCOO)_(2)M_((s))+2Na_((aq))^(+)`, Wher, M=Ca or Mg, `R=C_(17)H_(35^(+))` |
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