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(i) The stabilization of a half filled d-orbital is more pronounced than that of the p-orbital why? (ii) What are degenerate orbitals? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The exactly HALF filled ORBITALS have greater stability. The REASON for their stability are 1. SYMMETRY 2. exchange energy. 1. Symmetry: The half filled orbitals are more symmetrical than partially filled orbitals and this symmetry leads to greater stability. 2. Exchange energy: The electrons with same spin in the different orbitals of the same subshell can exchange their position. each such echange release energy and this is known as exchange energy. greater the number of exchanges, greater tha exchange energy and hence greater the stability. In d-orbital, 10 exchanges are possible but in p-orbital 6 exchanges are possible. So, d-orbital with 5 UNPAIRED electrons (10 exchanges)n i.e., half filled in more stable than p-orbital with 3 unpaired electrons (6 exchanges). (ii) Three different orientations in space that are possible for a p-orbital. all the three p-orbitals, namely `p_(x),p_(y)` and `p_(z)` have same energies and are called degenerate orbitals. * In the presence of magnetic or electric field, the degeneracy is lost. |
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