(i). What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of

1.	(i). What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of ∆0 decide the actual configuration of d-orbital in a coordination entity? (ii). Co (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but get easily oxidised in presence of strong ligands. Why?
Answer» (i) When ligands approach a transition metal ion, the d-orbitals split into two sets, one with lower energy and the other with higher energy. The difference of energy between the two sets of orbitals is called crystal field splitting energy (△₀) for octahedral field. If △₀<P (pairing energy) the 4^th electron enters one of the egeg orbitals giving the configuration t³_2ge_g¹ Thus forming high spin complexes. Such ligands for which △₀<P are called weak field ligands. If △₀<P the 4^th electron pairs up in one of the t_2g orbitals giving the configuration t_2g4e_g0 thereby forming low spin complexes. Such ligands for which △₀>P are called strong field ligands. (ii) Water is weak ligand and cannot paired up the electrons, but strong ligand have a tendency to pair up the electrons, so CO²⁺ is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of strong ligands it is easily oxidised.

(i). What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of ∆0 decide the actual configuration of d-orbital in a coordination entity? (ii). Co (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but get easily oxidised in presence of strong ligands. Why?

Answer»

(i) When ligands approach a transition metal ion, the d-orbitals split into two sets, one with lower energy and the other with higher energy. The difference of energy between the two sets of orbitals is called crystal field splitting energy (△₀) for octahedral field.

If △₀<P (pairing energy) the 4^th electron enters one of the egeg orbitals giving the configuration t³_2ge_g¹ Thus forming high spin complexes. Such ligands for which △₀<P are called weak field ligands.

If △₀<P the 4^th electron pairs up in one of the t_2g orbitals giving the configuration t_2g4e_g0 thereby forming low spin complexes. Such ligands for which △₀>P are called strong field ligands.

(ii) Water is weak ligand and cannot paired up the electrons, but strong ligand have a tendency to pair up the electrons, so CO²⁺ is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of strong ligands it is easily oxidised.

(i). What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of ∆0 decide the actual configuration of d-orbital in a coordination entity? (ii). Co (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but get easily oxidised in presence of strong ligands. Why?

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